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It is an indisputable fact that nutrition has a significant effect on the development, performance, immune system and intestinal health of broiler chickens. Recently, discussions have been initiated on early period feeding methods other than known feeding methods and extensive scientific studies are being conducted on this subject.
The development, immune system, and gut health of broiler chickens are directly influenced by nutrition. Recent studies on early feeding methods have highlighted the importance of in ovo (in-egg) feeding in poultry production.
What is In Ovo Feeding?
In ovo injection involves introducing vaccines, nutrients, or bioactive compounds into the egg during incubation, allowing the embryo to access essential nutrients before hatching. Initially used for vaccination, this technique has gained interest for its potential in nutritional enhancement. Some key benefits include:
• Safer and more efficient vaccination
• Improved immune response
• Faster access to feed and water
• Reduced labor costs
First introduced in 1982 for Marek’s disease in White Leghorns, in ovo vaccination is now widely practiced in the U.S., Japan, Australia, and Europe. In Turkey, commercial hatcheries use this method against diseases like Marek and Gumboro.
The Importance of In Ovo Feeding
Due to genetic improvements, broiler chickens can now reach market weight within 35-42 days. Since the incubation period represents 33-38% of their total lifespan, early nutrition plays a crucial role. Nutritional deficiencies during embryonic development can negatively impact growth and meat quality post-hatch.
Additionally, chicks that hatch earlier may experience delayed access to feed and water, affecting their digestive system development. In ovo feeding ensures embryos receive essential nutrients before hatching, leading to stronger digestive systems and better overall growth.
How is it Applied?
In ovo feeding is typically performed between day 17.5 and day 19.2 of incubation. The injected solutions may contain carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. The injection site and dosage are carefully chosen based on embryonic development.
Future Prospects
Currently, in ovo feeding is mainly a subject of scientific research. However, transitioning it into commercial practice could significantly improve chick development and poultry production efficiency.
You can access the full article from the author's archive.
At Uludağ University, ongoing TÜBİTAK 1001-supported research projects aim to explore the potential of in ovo feeding. In the near future, this method could play a key role in producing stronger and healthier broiler chicks, optimizing the poultry industry’s profitability and sustainability.
Prof. Dr. Derya YESİLBAG - Uludağ University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases.
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